Investigation of linear impact energy management and product claims of a novel American football helmet liner component
| Autor: | Andrew P. Janisse, Nadine M. Lippa, James W. Rawlins, David E. Krzeminski, Trenton E. Gould, Scott G. Piland, James T. Goetz |
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| Rok vydání: | 2011 |
| Předmět: |
Engineering
Primary energy business.industry American football Physical Therapy Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation Human Factors and Ergonomics Structural engineering Football Impulse (physics) Durability Compressive load Shock absorber Impact energy Orthopedics and Sports Medicine business Engineering (miscellaneous) |
| Zdroj: | Sports Technology. 4:65-76 |
| ISSN: | 1934-6190 1934-6182 |
| DOI: | 10.1080/19346182.2012.691508 |
| Popis: | The pursuit to abate sport-related concussion necessitates thorough evaluation of protective technologies and product claims. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to: (i) define the linear impulse and compression behavior of the Aware-Flow shock absorber (the primary energy managing component of Xenith X1 football helmet); (ii) characterize resultant force–time curves utilizing compressive loading behavior of foam materials; and (iii) verify and define published findings and product claims. Absorbers (N = 24) from three adult X1 football helmets were impacted at predefined velocities of 1.3, 2.3, 3.0, 4.0, and 4.7 m·s− 1. Linear impulsive forces were ideally managed up to 3.0 m·s− 1 (25.4 J). The foam-filled pad improved impact energy attenuation and increased velocity-specific durability. The leptokurtic region of the 4.0 and 4.7 m·s− 1 impulse curves substantiated a third phase, defined as densification, as demonstrated by the maximum compression height approaching 90%. The adoption of elast... |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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