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This chapter focuses on normative justifications in legitimation and delegitimation, differentiating between justifications related to the purpose, procedure, and performance of a global governance institution (GGI). It explains variation in such justifications with reference to factors related to policy field and structural context. The empirical focus is on two major intergovernmental GGIs in different policy fields: the WHO and the WTO. Making use of policy documents, annual reports, Twitter communication, and qualitative interviews, the chapter analyses two time frames of intense GGI politicization: 1995 to 2000, and 2019 to 2021. While technocratic justifications are the most prevalent in self-legitimation in both cases over time, justifications related to fairness are common in both legitimation and delegitimation, albeit in different ways depending on policy field and time specific normative structures. The chapter demonstrates the interplay between legitimation and delegitimation over time and how justifications used by state and non-state agents of (de)legitimation have been embedded in a structural context of neoliberalism and, increasingly, of nationalism. The latter is epitomized by the WTO deadlock and the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis also shows that issues that transcend several policy fields influence normative justifications in individual fields through spill-over effects between fields. |
