Short-range variation in a Wisconsin soilscape (USA)
| Autor: | N. Bero, Alfred E. Hartemink, James G. Bockheim, A.N. Gennadiyev |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
Hydrology
Inceptisol 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Soil organic matter Soil Science Soil science Soil classification 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences Soil carbon 01 natural sciences Soil pH Soil water 040103 agronomy & agriculture 0401 agriculture forestry and fisheries Soil horizon Geology Entisol 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Earth-Surface Processes |
| Zdroj: | Eurasian Soil Science. 50:198-209 |
| ISSN: | 1556-195X 1064-2293 |
| Popis: | Here we report on the variation of a soilscape in south central Wisconsin, USA. The variation in soil properties and soil features results in four soil order (Entisols, Inceptisols, Alfisols and Mollisols). Observations were made along a 200 m transect in a field that was cultivated since 1870. Slopes ranged from 7.5% on the back slope to 0% in the lower part. The soilscape had a total relief difference of 7.0 m. The soils were studied by 41 soil pits (60 cm), 6 soil pits (125 cm), 15 soil augers (100 cm), and ground-penetrating radar imagery. The summit and shoulder consist of coarse glacial outwash (loamy sands) over limestone whereas the lower part is lacustrine sediments over coarse outwash (loams, silty loams). The A-horizon thickness ranged from 14 to 52 cm with thick A horizons at the toeslope that also had the lowest soil pH. The soil organic carbon (SOC) contents of the A horizons ranged from 11.6 to 46.9 g C kg–1, and the higher contents are in the lower part of the soilscape. SOC stocks (0–20 cm depth) ranged from 50 to 70 Mg C ha–1 on the summit and backslope, but were 80 to 95 Mg C ha–1 in the flat part of the soilscape. The lowest soybean yields (1.6 Mg ha–1) were found at the summit and the highest yield (6.3 Mg ha–1) at the lower end of the backslope. Soybean yields were correlated to the thickness of the A horizon, and every 10 cm increase in A horizon thickness yielded an extra 0.6 Mg soybeans ha–1. Analysis of spherical magnetic particles was used to estimate soil erosion rates that were highest on the backslope (16.2 Mg ha–1 yr–1) and rates of soil deposition in the lowest part of the soilscape was 18.8 Mg haP1 yr–1. It seems that there is no net soil and SOC loss within this soilscape. All in all, we found 4 soil taxonomic orders within 200 m. The variation in this soilscape was substantial and probably enhanced by 140 years of cultivation. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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