Hydrogen carriers: Production, transmission, decomposition, and storage
| Autor: | Dionissios D. Papadias, Rajesh K. Ahluwalia, J.K. Peng |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Materials science
Hydrogen Renewable Energy Sustainability and the Environment Analytical chemistry Energy Engineering and Power Technology chemistry.chemical_element 02 engineering and technology 010402 general chemistry 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology Condensed Matter Physics 01 natural sciences Decomposition Toluene 0104 chemical sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Ammonia Fuel Technology chemistry Methanol Methylcyclohexane 0210 nano-technology Cost of electricity by source Liquid hydrogen |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 46:24169-24189 |
| ISSN: | 0360-3199 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.05.002 |
| Popis: | Recognizing the potential role of liquid hydrogen carriers in overcoming the inherent limitations in transporting and storing gaseous and liquid hydrogen, a complete production and use scenario is postulated and analyzed for perspective one-way and two-way carriers. The carriers, methanol, ammonia and toluene/MCH (methylcyclohexane), are produced at commercially viable scales in a central location, transmitted by rail or pipelines for 2000 miles, and decomposed near city gates to generate fuel-cell quality hydrogen for distribution to refueling stations. In terms of the levelized cost of H2 distributed to the stations, methanol is less expensive to produce ($1.22/kg-H2) than MCH ($1.35/kg-H2) or ammonia ($2.20/kg-H2). Levelized train transmission cost is smaller for methanol ($0.63/kg-H2) than ammonia ($1.29/kg-H2) or toluene/MCH system ($2.07/kg-H2). Levelized decomposition cost is smaller for ammonia ($0.30–1.06/kg-H2) than MCH ($0.54–1.22/kg-H2) or methanol ($0.43–1.12/kg-H2). Over the complete range of demand investigated, 10–350 tpd-H2, the levelized cost of H2 distributed to stations is aligned as methanol « ammonia ~ MCH. With pipelines at much larger scale, 6000 tpd-H2, the levelized cost decreases by ~1 $/kg-H2 for ammonia and MCH and much less for methanol. Methanol is a particularly attractive low-risk carrier in the transition phase with lower than 50-tpd H2 demand. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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