Using transcription factors for direct reprogramming of neurons in vitro
| Autor: | Raymond C.B. Wong, Layal El Wazan, Daniel Urrutia-Cabrera |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Histology Drug discovery Cell Biology Biology Cell therapy Transplantation 03 medical and health sciences 030104 developmental biology 0302 clinical medicine 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis microRNA Genetics Autologous transplantation Stem cell Molecular Biology Transcription factor Neuroscience Reprogramming Genetics (clinical) |
| Zdroj: | World Journal of Stem Cells. 11:431-444 |
| ISSN: | 1948-0210 |
| Popis: | Cell therapy offers great promises in replacing the neurons lost due to neurodegenerative diseases or injuries. However, a key challenge is the cellular source for transplantation which is often limited by donor availability. Direct reprogramming provides an exciting avenue to generate specialized neuron subtypes in vitro, which have the potential to be used for autologous transplantation, as well as generation of patient-specific disease models in the lab for drug discovery and testing gene therapy. Here we present a detailed review on transcription factors that promote direct reprogramming of specific neuronal subtypes with particular focus on glutamatergic, GABAergic, dopaminergic, sensory and retinal neurons. We will discuss the developmental role of master transcriptional regulators and specification factors for neuronal subtypes, and summarize their use in promoting direct reprogramming into different neuronal subtypes. Furthermore, we will discuss up-and-coming technologies that advance the cell reprogramming field, including the use of computational prediction of reprogramming factors, opportunity of cellular reprogramming using small chemicals and microRNA, as well as the exciting potential for applying direct reprogramming in vivo as a novel approach to promote neuro-regeneration within the body. Finally, we will highlight the clinical potential of direct reprogramming and discuss the hurdles that need to be overcome for clinical translation. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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