| Autor: |
Claus-Dieter Vogt, Yoshitaka Ito, Yukinari Shibagaki, Dominic Thier, Hirofumi Sakamoto, Kyohei Kato, Takehide Shimoda, Kazuya Yuuki, E. Ohara, Takashi Aoki, Philipp Kattouah |
| Rok vydání: |
2014 |
| Předmět: |
|
| Zdroj: |
Proceedings ISBN: 9783658050153 |
| DOI: |
10.1007/978-3-658-05016-0_32 |
| Popis: |
Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) concepts are the key technology of gasoline engine development to reduce CO2 emissions while improving torque and power output. However there is a side effect of increasing particle number emissions of GDI engines compared with conventional Multi Port Injection (MPI). The Particle Number (PN) limit for compression ignition (diesel) engines of 6×1011 /km was introduced with the enforcement of Euro 5b (09/2011). Then in 2012 a PN limit for GDI engines was decided to be effective from 09/2014 with the implementation of Euro 6b. Within the first three years of this introduction it is allowed to apply a higher limit value of 6×1012 /km at the manufacturer’s request. Eventually it will be mandatory for all to apply 6×1011 /km effective from 09/2017 (Euro 6c). |
| Databáze: |
OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|
