| Popis: |
The chapter examines discussions of ethical cultivation, or how train or orient oneself to follow dào. It first treats texts that approach ethical development as a political project aimed at leading society to internalize the norms and practices of dào through collective training. It then considers texts that treat individual, personal cultivation. A key question is whether following dào is a matter of fulfilling one’s inherent nature or of reforming inherent inclinations. The chapter considers Xúnzǐ’s views, on which ethical development is a process of ‘endeavour’, in which we reform native tendencies and redirect our activity in approved ways. A contrasting stance holds that dào lies in allowing the natural environment to direct our activity. The chapter closes by considering a position from the Zhuāngzǐ that draws together elements of these two contrasting views. |
