Potential use of geothermal steam in industrial processes. Results of icetec studies
| Autor: | Hallgrímur Mónasson, Gudmundur Gunnarsson, Thor Tómasson |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 1992 |
| Předmět: |
Pollution
Engineering Waste management Renewable Energy Sustainability and the Environment business.industry media_common.quotation_subject Geothermal energy Environmental engineering food and beverages Geology Economic shortage Raw material Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology complex mixtures humanities law.invention law business Energy source Geothermal gradient Distillation health care economics and organizations Water vapor media_common |
| Zdroj: | Geothermics. 21:665-671 |
| ISSN: | 0375-6505 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/0375-6505(92)90019-6 |
| Popis: | During the last decade various steam consuming industrial processes have been studied at IceTec. The prerequisite for the studies was the potential and available cheap steam from high temperature geothermal wells. Steam prices in the early eighties were estimated in the range of 1.5 - 3.0 USD/t steam, based on transport distance and well productivity, giving geothermal steam an advantage of 10 - 12 USD/t steam, compared to steam fired boilers. Additionally at that time, changes were seen in the industry such as feedstock shortages, higher energy cost and more stringent pollution requirements. Different processes have been studied, having steam consumption from 4 - 110 ton steam per ton product. Most of these processes are based on hydrothermal technology, either leaching and/or precipitation. The steam consuming process steps are digestion, evaporation, hydrolysis, drying, distillation etc. Based on prices at the time of study, the savings were estimated to be up to one fifth of the production cost. Geothermal steam is very localised energy source, which consequently restricts the siting of new industrial plants. Despite apparent cost benefits, the direct use of geothermal steam in industry, is growing very slowly. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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