Direct mapping of temperature-difference-induced potential variation under non-thermal equilibrium
| Autor: | Yuji Miyato, Takafumi Ishibe, Yoshiaki Nakamura, Yuki Komatsubara, Shunya Sakane |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
010302 applied physics
Thermal equilibrium Materials science Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) Condensed matter physics System of measurement Thermal resistance 02 engineering and technology Liquid nitrogen 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology 01 natural sciences 0103 physical sciences Thermal Ceramic heater Vacuum level 0210 nano-technology Nanoscopic scale |
| Zdroj: | Applied Physics Letters. 118:091605 |
| ISSN: | 1077-3118 0003-6951 |
| DOI: | 10.1063/5.0038363 |
| Popis: | It is expected to develop the measurement system to obtain physical/chemical information with nanoscale space resolution related to the non-thermal equilibrium phenomena. In this study, we developed controlled temperature-gradient kelvin force microscopy (T-KFM) to measure the temperature difference (ΔT)-induced vacuum level variation under non-thermal equilibrium. Therein, the biggest issue, difficulty in applying the large ΔT in narrow space (∼100 μm), was solved by introducing “heating and cooling systems” in T-KFM; one sample side is heated using a ceramic heater and the other side is cooled using liquid nitrogen. Using T-KFM, the space distribution of ΔT-induced vacuum level variation was well observed on the scale of hundreds of nanometers in a polycrystalline ZnO film with nanostructures. The obtained image of the ΔT-induced vacuum level variation can reflect a distribution of the thermal properties such as the thermal resistance and thermoelectromotive force. This pronounced technique for obtaining surface potential under T-gradient helps us to comprehend the non-thermal equilibrium phenomena. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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