Influence of metabolic disorders on phenotypic modulation of vascular endothelium in type 2 diabetes mellitus
| Autor: | Biljana Vuckovic, Velibor Čabarkapa, Radmila Zeravica, Sunčica Kojić-Damjanov, Branislava Ilincic, Romana Mijovic |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
medicine.medical_specialty
Endothelium business.industry Leukocyte adhesion molecule Inflammation General Medicine medicine.disease Endothelial activation Adiposopathy Endocrinology Insulin resistance medicine.anatomical_structure Internal medicine Hyperinsulinemia Medicine medicine.symptom Endothelial dysfunction business |
| Zdroj: | Medical review. 70:437-443 |
| ISSN: | 1820-7383 0025-8105 |
| DOI: | 10.2298/mpns1712437m |
| Popis: | Introduction. Endothelium is a dynamic, strategically positioned defensive regulator of vascular homeostasis. Physiology and Pathophysiology of Vascular Endothelium. Endothelial phenotypic modulation involves five basic characteristics: the expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules, the production of cytokines, change in the shape and the permeability of the endothelium, prothrombotic changes and upregulation of autoantigens. Obesity, Metabolic Inflammation and Vascular Endothelium One of the most important pathophysiological manifestations of adiposopathy may be the phenotypic conversion of vascular endothelium. Insulin Resistance and Vascular Endothelium. Under the conditions of insulin resistance and consequent hyperinsulinemia, there is imbalance between the production of endothelial vasoconstrictors and vasodilators, increased expression of adhesion molecules, and platelet hyperreactivity. Hyperglycemia and Vascular Endothelium. Hyperglycemia causes endothelial dysfunction by various mechanisms that involve activation of polyol pathway and production of sorbitol, increased formation of advanced glycation end products, activation of various isoforms of protein kinase C and activation of hexosamine pathway. Dyslipidemia and vascular endothelium. Dyslipidemia takes an important role in a cascade of pathophysiological processes that result in endothelial activation and chronic dysfunction. Conclusion. Hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, visceral obesity and low-grade inflammation are the main factors responsible for development of endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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