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The Cytosensor™ microphysiometer has been modified by incorporating several platinum electrodes into the plunger head. The electrodes have been used to measure simultaneously the change in extracellular oxygen consumption rates and extracellular acidification rates during addition of various non-physiologic agents: 2-deoxy- d -glucose, sodium fluoride, paraoxon-ethyl, and antimycin A. Measurement of two parameters, oxygen and acidification, enables investigation of the aerobic and anaerobic metabolic consequences of these agents. Nafion membranes cast onto the platinum electrodes were useful in minimizing adsorption of cell-related interferents. |
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