| Popis: |
With the accumulation of clinical practice and continuous improvement of surgical technique, laparoscopic NOSES surgery of colorectal tumor is increasingly mature and consummate. The operative methods of NOSES surgery have been developed into ten approaches according to the location of tumor, the pathway, and the technique of specimen extraction. Among them, NOSES I contains six methods, including method A, B, C, D, E, and F, while NOSES VIII is consisted of two subtypes, method A (specimen extracted via the vagina) and method B (specimen extracted via the rectum). |
