Popis: |
This PAPER presents an analysis of standard strength calculations for pipelines using allowable stresses and limit states, based on the quantitative determination of safety factors according to yield strength and ultimate strength and developed from decades of practice both in Russia and abroad. A new scientific background for design analysis and substantiation for safety factors is presented, quantitatively taking into account all basic operational, technological, and construction factors, including the effects of ageing, the degradation of pipe steels and pipes, and |