Photocatalytic, photolytic and radiolytic elimination of imidacloprid from aqueous solution: Reaction mechanism, efficiency and economic considerations
| Autor: | László Wojnárovits, Krisztina Schrantz, Máté Náfrádi, Tünde Alapi, Georgina Rózsa, László Szabó, Antal Tungler, Erzsébet Takács |
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| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Reaction mechanism
Aqueous solution Process Chemistry and Technology Radical Photodissociation 02 engineering and technology 010402 general chemistry 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology Photochemistry 01 natural sciences Catalysis 0104 chemical sciences chemistry.chemical_compound chemistry Radiolysis Photocatalysis Hydroxyl radical Reactivity (chemistry) 0210 nano-technology General Environmental Science |
| Zdroj: | Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. 250:429-439 |
| ISSN: | 0926-3373 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.01.065 |
| Popis: | The purpose of this work was the comparison of imidacloprid transformation in heterogeneous photocatalysis (TiO2), UV254 nm photolysis, UV254 nm/VUV185 nm photolysis and γ-radiolysis (also pulse radiolysis) in the presence and absence of dissolved oxygen, and the identification of intermediates formed during the applied treatments. All the methods tested were effective in the degradation of imidacloprid in 10−4 mol dm−3 aqueous solution. In most cases the mineralization (TOC) and the disappearance of the starting molecules (detected by HPLC/DAD) occurs parallel. However, when the starting molecules were eliminated in oxygenated solutions the highest decrease in TOC values were only 30–40% in UV/VUV and TiO2/O2 systems. In radiolysis and UV photolytic systems these values were 10–15%. In the absence of oxygen the mineralization was usually slower than in its presence. Beside the dominant photocatalytic process, a small-scale contribution of direct photolysis was observed in TiO2 containing suspensions, irradiated with 300–400 nm light. Hydroxyl radicals show low reactivity with the N-containing aromatic ring, they attack the heterocyclic 5-member ring and the CH2 bridge between the two rings in direct oxidation or in H-abstraction. In these reactions carbon centred α-aminoalkyl radicals form. In the presence of dissolved oxygen these radicals transform to hydroxylated or carbonylated stable products. Scavenging experiments suggest that in TiO2 photocatalytic degradation beside hydroxyl radical based transformation, direct charge transfer has also important role in the degradation. Based on the degradation and mineralization results with imidaloprid, photocatalysis, UV/VUV photolysis and radiolysis are recommended for practical application, economic considerations (EEO) suggest radiolysis as the method requiring lowest electric energy consumption. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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