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Biomaterials have become a growing trend in orthopedic surgery and the use of bone substitute, implants, and bone enhancing factors has found a very important role in spine surgery. Today’s spine surgery is facing increased, challenging clinical problems and the surgical strategy has radically changed thanks to the progress of implant materials and the modern acquisition of bone regeneration. The complex spinal anatomy requires the correct selection of the right implant to restore the correct biomechanics, to allow fusion, and to improve healing. A variety of implant designs and materials are today available to the spine surgeon, combined with specific biomaterials that promote bone growth. This advance in the research of the biomaterial applied to spine surgery has blossomed in recent years, thanks to a better understanding of the biomechanics governing spinal function. Furthermore, the variety of pathologies involving the spine can lead to complex treatment strategies, often requiring multidisciplinary knowledge and approaches, because some pathologies require a more rigid fixation, others need biological healing, and others again necessitate very radical surgeries that often compromise the stability of the spine. Therefore the purpose of this chapter is to bring together clinical aspects and modern advances in research that allow us, spine surgeons, a better understanding of the diseases and a better outcome for patients. |
