| Popis: |
The original task of number theory was the investigation of the properties of the integers. Its systematic development as a branch of mathematics came rather late. Individual results were known in antiquity, for example to Euclid (about 300 B.C.) and Diophantos (about 250 A.D.). In the 17th century remarkable discoveries of scientific significance occurred, above all, in the investigations of Pierre Fermat (1601–1666). Great steps forward were taken in the many works of Leonhard Euler (1707–1783), which are full of fruitful far-reaching ideas. At last Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855) set up a uniform theory. In 1801 he published his Disquisitiones arithmeticae a monumental work, which was the foundation of higher arithmetic in the strict sense. |
