| Popis: |
Objective: The aim of the present investigation was to develop, optimize and evaluate nanoemulsion system of carvedilol to improve its solubility, and oral bioavailability. Carvedilol is a non-selective beta blocker used in the treatment of mild to moderate congestive heart failure and mild to moderate essential hypertension. It has both poor water solubility (0.583 mg/L) and oral bioavailability (23%) because of significant first-pass hepatic metabolism. Methods: Based on solubility testing, clove oil was used as oil, tween 20 was used as surfactants and PEG 400 was used as cosurfactants in construction of phase diagrams. Carvedilol nanoemulsions were prepared by aqueous phase titration method. Out of twelve formulations, eight thermodynamically stable formulations were selected for preparation of carvedilol loaded nanoemulsions and these nanoemulsions were subjected for characterization i.e. particle size, viscosity, polydispersity, zeta potential. A 12 hrs in-vitro release release study was performed on selected nanoemulsion formulations of carvedilol. Results: The results of viscosity of carvedilol nanoemulsions were found to be in range (60.42 –134.63 m Pa.sec.). The results of pH measurement for formulations explain that the pH values of drug free nanoemulsions were slightly acidic. All formulations have PDI value less than (1.0). Conclusion: Study concludes, nanoemulsion formulation of batch NEC4 (Smix ratio 1:3) was found to be optimum formulation. Peer Review History: Received 9 February 2017; Revised 25 February; Accepted 28 February, Available online 15 March 2017 Academic Editor: Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Indonesia, ahmad.najib@umi.ac.id UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 3.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Sally A. El-Zahaby, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt, sally.elzahaby@yahoo.com Dr. Maha Khalifa Ahmed Khalifa, Al-Azhar Universit - Cairo, Egypt, mahakhalifa.ahmed@hotmail.com Similar Articles: FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TOPICAL NANO EMULGEL OF TERBINAFINE This article has been cited by: Fernandes, G.J., Kumar, L., Sharma, K. et al. A Review on Solubility Enhancement of Carvedilol—a BCS Class II Drug. J Pharm Innov 13, 197–212 (2018). Pubmed |
