| Popis: |
Actualmente la diabetes representa un grave problema de salud por las complicaciones que conlleva y por su elevada tasa de mortalidad. La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) es la mas prevalente y se caracteriza por la resistencia a la insulina. El objetivo fue analizar la literatura cientifica disponible sobre la prevalencia y los factores asociados a DM2 en poblacion indigena de Mexico. Se buscaron articulos publicados entre 1990 y 2019 en ingles y espanol en 13 bases de datos electronicas. Se utilizaron combinaciones de ocho palabras clave segun el vocabulario MeSH. Para seleccionar los estudios se siguio la guia JBI's Critical Appraisal tools en espanol para estudios de prevalencia analiticos. De 478, 12 investigaciones con diseno trasversal mostraron prevalencias de DM2 de 12 grupos indigenas de Mexico: huichol (0%), mexicanero (0%), tepehuano (0 y 0.83%), mazateco (2.01%), otomi (4.4%), tojolabal (4.7%), mixe (6.9%), pima (6.9 y 9.0%), zapoteco (8.7%), maya (10.6%), yaqui (18.3 y 14.8%) y mixteco (19.0 y 26.2%). Los factores asociados a DM2 fueron mayor edad, ser mujer, menor escolaridad, presencia de antecedentes familiares de diabetes, presentar obesidad, hipertension arterial y una mayor circunferencia de cintura-cadera. Hay poca evidencia de la prevalencia de DM2 en grupos indigenas de Mexico. Los estudios encontrados sugieren heterogeneidad en las prevalencias, desde muy bajas a muy altas. Considerar los factores de riesgo asociados a la DM2 es imprescindible para generar estrategias de prevencion segun el contexto de cada etnia, a fin de mejorar el panorama epidemiologico de la diabetes en grupos indigenas de Mexico.Currently, diabetes represents a serious health problem, due to the complications it entails and because of its high mortality rate. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most prevalent and it is characterized by insulin resistance. The objective was to analyze the available scientific literature on prevalence and factors associated to T2DM in indigenous population of Mexico. Searches for articles published between 1990 and 2019 in English and Spanish were carried out in 13 electronic databases. Combinations of eight keywords were used according to the MeSH vocabulary. To select the studies, it was used the JBI’s Critical Appraisal Tools guide in Spanish for analytical prevalence studies. Out of 478, 12 cross-sectional studies reported T2DM prevalences from 12 indigenous groups located in Mexico: Huichol (0%), Mexican (0%), Tepehuano (0 and 0.83%), Mazateco (2.01%), Otomi (4.4%), Tojolabal (4.7%), Mixe (6.9%), Pima (6.9 and 9.0%), Zapoteco (8.7%), Maya (10.6%), Yaqui (18.3 and 14.8%) and Mixteco (19.0 and 26.2%). Factors associated with T2DM reported were being older, being female, less education level, presence of family history of T2DM, obesity, high blood pressure and increased waist-hip circumference. There is little evidence of the prevalence of T2DM in indigenous groups in Mexico. Studies found suggest a diversity of prevalences, ranging from lower to greater prevalences. Considering the risk factors associated with T2DM is essential to generate prevention strategies according to the context of each ethnic group, in order to improve the epidemiological landscape of diabetes in indigenous groups of Mexico. |
