| Autor: |
David A. Sodeman, Nicholas J. Nussbaum, John G. Watson, Hampden Kuhns, M.-C. Oliver Chang, Dongzi Zhu, Hans Moosmüller |
| Rok vydání: |
2011 |
| Předmět: |
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| Zdroj: |
Atmospheric Environment. 45:2603-2609 |
| ISSN: |
1352-2310 |
| DOI: |
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.02.032 |
| Popis: |
Training on US military bases involves nonroad diesel vehicles with emissions that can affect base personnel, nearby communities, and attainment of air quality standards. Nonroad diesel engines contribute 44% of diesel PM and 12% of total NOx emissions from mobile sources nationwide. Although military sector fuel use accounts for only ≈0.4% of distillate fuel use in US, emissions factors measured for these engines improve the representation of the relatively small (as compared to onroad sources) database of nonroad emission factors. Heavy-duty multi-axle, all-wheel drive military trucks are not compatible with regular single-axle dynamometers and their emissions cannot be measured under standard laboratory conditions. We have developed a novel in-plume technique to measure in-use emissions from vehicles with elevated stack. Real-world gaseous and particulate matter (PM) emission factors (EFs) from ten 7-ton 6-wheel drive trucks and two 8-wheel drive heavy tactical Logistics Vehicle System (LVS) vehicles were measured using in-plume sampling. The EFs of these trucks are comparable to those of onroad trucks while the PM EFs of 2-stroke LVS are ≈10 times higher than those of onroad vehicles. Lower EC/PM ratio was observed for LVS compared with MTVR. PM number emission factors were 5.9 × 1014 particles km−1 for the trucks and 2.5 × 1016 particles km−1 for the LVSs, three orders of magnitude higher than the proposed European Union standard of 6 × 1011 particles km−1. The EFs sampled can be extended to engines used in the broader nonroad sector including agriculture and mining and used as inputs to the NONROAD model. |
| Databáze: |
OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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