Micrognathia and Retrognathia
| Autor: | Magdalena Sanz-Cortes, Bienvenido Puerto, Olga Gómez |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Orthodontics
congenital hereditary and neonatal diseases and abnormalities Polyhydramnios business.industry Ultrasound Anatomy medicine.disease Sagittal plane Hypoplasia stomatognathic diseases medicine.anatomical_structure stomatognathic system Maxilla Retrognathia medicine Differential diagnosis business Airway |
| DOI: | 10.1016/b978-0-323-44548-1.00068-1 |
| Popis: | Both retrognathia and micrognathia are facial deformations related to the development or position of the fetal mandible. The former is characterized by an abnormal position in relation to the maxilla and the latter refers to a mandibular hypoplasia and is frequently associated to different genetic syndromes. Due to this association, it is advisable to offer a study of the fetal karyotype and an echocardiogram when fetal micrognathia is detected. Both abnormalities can be detected by ultrasound. The evaluation of the inferior facial angle (IFA), measured in a sagittal view, is useful to identify micrognathia and make the differential diagnosis with retrognathia. The jaw index, the mandibular/maxillar width, and the mandibular ratio measured in the axial view are particularly useful to assess the severity of the micrognathia. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be helpful to assess the severity of fetal micrognathia evaluating a potential obstruction of the airway. In those cases in which there is a suspicion of an obstruction in the upper airway, polyhydramnios can be associated and an ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) delivery is indicated. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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