| Popis: |
Peculiarities of operating processes and mechanization of construction of modern multi-storied buildings and structures are considered by the authors. Principles of the robotized construction technology with the due account for multi-storied buildings are proposed in the article. Advanced machinery and tooling employed in hi-rise construction operations (including cranes, building structures, installation and mounting devices) fail to be mutually adjustable. Therefore, cranes are capable of performing only one of 16 - 20 operations; the remaining operations are performed manually by the workers. The labour expenditures of workers exceed the time period of cranes in operation 4- to 5-fold. The position of a building structure inside the building is based on the Cartesian coordinate system; any installation device must have a locating tool equipped capable of moving structural units alongside , and axes and of rotating them about the above axes. Thus, the machinery must be able to move building structures pursuant to six motion patterns. High positioning accuracy requires a double-staged installation procedure. At Stage 1, a structural unit is relocated by crane mechanisms from the hard grip zone at maximal speed to assure maximal accuracy. At Stage 2, the new locating tool must move the structural unit at the minimal speed to accommodate it into its design position. Erection performance rate may be improved by reducing the time period when the crane is in operation both in the automated and manual modes by converting the cyclical construction process into a continuous conveyor-type process (the crane construction is to be modified), and by introducing new joints into building structures to assure the self-locking and hard grip with a view to efficient manipulations and high-accuracy positioning. Besides, an important constituent of the problem of improvement of the erection process represents the factors that may boost the labour productivity. These factors include the accounting of the machine time and the manual working time, as well as the time period of the whole erection process. |
