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Sve veći nedostatak vode za piće i sve stroži zakonski zahtjevi za njenu kakvoću, ali i kakvoćom pročišćenih otpadnih voda uvjetuju brži razvoj i primjenu suvremenih tehnologija za obradu voda. Otpadna voda sadrži različita organska i anorganska onečišćenja koje je prije ispuštanja u vodne resurse potrebno svesti na što manju količinu. U posljednjih desetak godina sve značajniju ulogu u obradi otpadnih voda imaju membranski bioreaktori (MBR) koji predstavljaju kombinaciju biološke obrade s aktivnim muljem i membranske filtracije. Iako biološka obrada otpadne vode može biti aerobna ili anaerobna, u praksi se najčešće koristi aerobni postupak obrade aktivnim muljem. Aerobnom obradom otpadne vode nastaju velike količine aktivnog mulja kojeg je potrebno obraditi i zbrinuti na odgovarajući način. Postupci obrade mulja uključuju kondicioniranje, zgušnjavanje, odvodnjavanje, stabilizaciju, kompostiranje te toplinsku obradu, a za cilj imaju smanjenje volumena mulja radi smanjenja troškova daljnje obrade i prijevoza obrađenog mulja te radi sprječavanja neželjenih utjecaja na okoliš pri konačnom odlaganju. U konačnici, obrađeni mulj je moguće odložiti na zemljište te iskoristiti u poljoprivredi, energetici ili građevinskoj industriji, a u skladu sa zakonskom regulativom. A growing shortage of drinking water and increasingly strict legal requirements for it's quality, but also the treated wastewater, cause quicker development and deployment of technologies for wastewater treatment. The wastewater contains various organic and inorganic contaminants, and prior to discharge into streams needs to be processed. In the last decade MBR technology, has increasingly important role in the treatment of waste water, which present combination of biological treatment with activated sludge and membrane filtration. Although the biological treatment of wastewater can be aerobic or anaerobic, in practice, the most commonly used aerobic method for wastewater treatment is activated sludge. Aerobic treatment of wastewater produced a high quantity of active sludge which must be processed and disposed of properly. The procedures include sludge conditioning, thickening, dewatering, stabilization, composting and heat treatment, and their aim is reducing the volume of sludge for costs reduction of further processing and transportation of treated sludge and for the prevention of adverse environmental impact in the final disposal. Finally, the treated sludge can be disposed of on land, used in agriculture, energy and construction industry, in accordance with the legislation. |
