| Autor: |
Kazandjian, Taline, Robinson, SD, van Thiel, J, Greene, HW, Arbuckle, K, Barlow, A, Carter, DA, Wouters, RM, Whiteley, G, Wagstaff, Simon, Arias, AS, Albulescu, Laura-Oana, Plettenberg Laing, A, Hall, C, Heap, A, Penrhyn-Lowe, S, McCabe, CV, Ainsworth, Stuart, da Silva, RR, Dorrestein, PC, Richardson, MK, Gutiérrez, JM, Calvete, JJ, Harrison, Robert, Vetter, I, Undheim, EAB, Wuster, W, Casewell, Nicholas |
| Jazyk: |
angličtina |
| Rok vydání: |
2021 |
| Předmět: |
|
| ISSN: |
0036-8075 |
| Popis: |
Convergent evolution provides insights into the selective drivers underlying evolutionary change. Snake venoms, with a direct genetic basis and clearly defined functional phenotype, provide a model system for exploring the repeated evolution of adaptations. While snakes use venom primarily for predation, and venom composition often reflects diet specificity, three lineages of cobras have independently evolved the ability to spit venom at adversaries. Using gene, protein and functional analyses, we show that the three spitting lineages possess venoms characterized by an upregulation of PLA2 toxins, which potentiate the action of pre-existing venom cytotoxins to activate mammalian sensory neurons and cause enhanced pain. These repeated independent changes provide a fascinating example of convergent evolution across multiple phenotypic levels driven by selection for defense. |
| Databáze: |
OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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