| Abstrakt: |
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between rumen microbiota and physiological characteristics in Japanese Black cattle during the fattening period, which are known for their distinctive physiological characteristics due to prominent intramuscular fat deposition. The experimental period was categorized into three stages: early (12 to 14 months of age; T1), middle (15 to 22 months; T2), and late fattening phases (23 to 30 months; T3). We analyzed the rumen microbiota of 21 Japanese Black cattle in each phase using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. In addition, we examined the correlation between the rumen microbiota and various physiological parameters, such as blood metabolites, hormones, and rumen fermentation characteristics. Our results showed that rumen microbial diversity was greater in T1, and the inter-group distribution of rumen microbiota in T1 was differentiated from T2 and T3. At the genus level, Flexilinea, Streptococcus, Butyrivibrio, Selenomonasand Kandleriawere the most abundant in T1. Bifidobacterium, Shuttleworthiaand Sharpeawere the most abundant in T2. Acetitomaculum, Mycoplasma, Atopobiumand Howardellawere the most abundant in T3. In correlation analysis, Monoglobusand Olsenellanegatively correlated with IGF-1 and positively correlated with cortisol in T1. Firmicutes/Bacteroidotaratio positively correlated with daily gain, blood total cholesterol, and lactic acid dehydrogenase in T3. Planctomycetotacorrelated with volatile fatty acid components during the entire period, while Verrucomicrobiotapositively correlated with carcass traits in T1. Additionally, functional genetic profiles indicated that rumen microbiota related to carbohydrate metabolism and nucleotide biosynthesis was significantly enriched in T1 and T3, respectively. The composition of rumen microbial in Japanese Black cattle varied depending on fattening stages, and this variation is likely attributable to changes in feed composition. Furthermore, specific microorganisms were significantly associated with physiological parameters. Our findings could help in the development of strategies to enhance gut health and productivity by manipulating the rumen microbiota through the changes in diet compositions considering the fattening stages of Japanese Black cattle. |
