| Autor: |
Selim, Abdelrahman, Abdellatif, Heba, Taha, Taha E., El-Shanawany, Ramadan, Zahran, O., Abd El-Samie, Fathi E., El-Fishawy, Adel S. |
| Zdroj: |
Journal of Optics; 20230101, Issue: Preprints p1-6, 6p |
| Abstrakt: |
Nowadays, it is required to transmit images and videos underwater with high speed and good quality. Many applications and activities in underwater environments need modern and modified techniques. Moreover, robots with macro size underwater and with micro size inside the body need high-speed communication with the control station. In this paper, we survey some of the available tools for underwater acoustic communication, the trends and difficulties in this area. We survey the characteristics of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) in underwater acoustic image communication. In addition, a model for image compression to increase the data rate of transmission under water is presented. It achieves a Compression Ratio (CR) of about 14 and gives better-decoded images with a Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) up to 34 dB. A comparison between Zero-Forcing (ZF) and pre-ZF equalization formats for Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) OFDM used for image transmission is presented with some results. Below a Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of 5 dB over the communication channel, the Bit Error Rate (BER) difference between the MIMO OFDM with ZF equalization and the MIMO OFDM with ZF pre-equalization is not high. At an SNR of more than 10 dB, the difference is very high. The ZF pre-equalization for MIMO OFDM improves the system performance compared to the case of ZF post-equalization due to the elimination of noise enhancement. |
| Databáze: |
Supplemental Index |
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