Interleukin-22 and interleukin-33 show up-regulated levels in the serum of patients with mild/moderate Coronavirus disease 2019

Autor: Majeed, Abdulraheem Y., Zulkafli, Nor Effa S., Ad’hiah, Ali H.
Zdroj: Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences; December 2023, Vol. 12 Issue: 1
Abstrakt: Background: This study analyzed serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-22 and IL-33 (pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines) in 90 patients with mild/moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 90 healthy controls. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits were used to measure IL-22 and IL-33 concentrations. Results: Median (interquartile range) concentrations of IL-22 and IL-33 were significantly higher in patients than in controls (IL-22: 18.6 [18.0–19.3] vs. 13.9 [12.1–14.9] pg/mL, probability [p] < 0.001; IL-33: 37.8 [35.3–43.0] vs. 24.1 [23.0–26.2] pg/mL, p< 0.001). As indicated by the area under the curve (AUC), IL-22 and IL-33 were excellent predictors of COVID-19 (AUC = 0.95 and 0.892, respectively). Multinomial logistic regression analysis demonstrated that individuals with high production (> control median) of IL-22 (odds ratio = 17.80 [95% CI: 6.48–48.90]; p= 0.001) and IL-33 (odds ratio = 19.0 [95% CI: 7.4–48.6]; p= 0.001) were more likely to develop COVID-19. A positive correlation was found between IL-22 and IL-33 and both cytokines also showed positive correlations with granulocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in all participants. Conclusions: IL-22 and IL-33 showed up-regulated concentrations in the serum of patients with mild/moderate COVID-19. Both cytokines may have prognostic value for COVID-19 along with their association with disease risk.
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