| Abstrakt: |
Background:Children with Down syndrome (DS) have an increased susceptibility to infections, due to altered humoral and/or cellular immunity. The aim of the study was to determine the cytokine production in whole blood of children with DS upon stimulation with heat-killed Streptococcus pneumoniae and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), in comparison with their healthy siblings.Methods:Whole blood of 61 children with DS and 57 of their healthy siblings was stimulated with 200?ng/ml LPS and 4?×?107colony-forming units/ml S. pneumoniae during 6, 24, and 48?h. Concentrations of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p70, and IL-10 were determined at all time points.Results:Children with DS show an increased IL-10 production upon stimulation with S. pneumoniae compared to their healthy siblings. At most time points, no significant differences were seen in cytokine production upon stimulation with LPS.Conclusion:Children with DS may be prone to a severe course of pneumococcal pneumonia, because of an increased anti-inflammatory response. |
