| Abstrakt: |
Purpose: To develop express diagnostics of aerobic and anaerobic performance of athletes based on the electrocardiographic diagnostic method. Material & Methods: The athletes (candidates for master of sports and masters of sports) specialized in cycling (68 persons), rowing (76 persons), and speed skating (88 persons) were examined. The oxygen transport system, aerobic and anaerobic bioenergetics, and maximal accumulation of lactic acid in blood during the ergometric stress test and the recovery period were assessed. Prior to testing, electrocardiogram recording was performed in six thoracic unipolar Wilson leads, including V2R, in the relative muscle resting state. The values of the percentage ratio of the amplitude of R wave to the sum of R and S in the leads from V3R, V1 and V2 to V4, V5, and V6 were compared to the indices of the oxygen transport system, aerobic and anaerobic bioenergetics, general physical work capacity, and maximum blood lactate concentration after completion of ergometry (3rd minute). The ergometric study used a continuous series of incremental step loads to failure, lasting two minutes each. The studies were conducted from 2010 to 2018. Results: The sum of the percentage ratios of the R wave amplitude to R+S in the right thoracic leads of the electrocardiogram (taken in V3R, V1, and V2 at relative resting muscle state) reflects the maximum anaerobic (glycolytic) capacity of energy metabolism (ANAME). The sum of the percentage ratios of the R wave amplitude to R+S in the left thoracic leads V4, V5, and V6 reflects the maximum capacity and power of aerobic metabolism (MANAME). The electrocardiogram (recorded at rest) allows adequate assessing the aerobic and anaerobic components of muscle work capacity without the use of exercise tests. Minor time expenses for collection, processing, and analysis of the information obtained by electrocardiogram, as well as the possibility of practically unlimited repeatability of the study are the basis of monitorability of this method of energy metabolism assessment for operative and current control of training and competitive loads. Conclusions: The use of the electrocardiographic method for express diagnostics of aerobic and anaerobic performance allowed (for instance, in difficult conditions of the World Championship) providing the coaches with operative information about the "physiological cost" of each stage of this multiday competition and recovery period in the days of rest according to the state of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism of each member of the Ukrainian national team. Bioenergetic monitoring (provided by the described method of express diagnostics) permits developing and using target training regimes, determining the adaptation phases in the post-work period, objectively evaluating the efficiency of various methods and means of work capacity recovery. The operative assessment of training exercise "physiological cost" and account for the interaction of the occurring acute effect of each of them serve as the basis for choosing a rational sequence of their performance in a separate training session. The results of the conducted study were not influenced by the level of the athlete's motivation. Accessibility of the suggested method is determined by the fact that in addition to the tonometer for measuring blood pressure, single-channel portable electrocardiographs are the most common diagnostic device in medical control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
