Nutrient and Hormonal Effects on Long Bone Growth in Healthy and Obese Children: A Literature Review.
| Autor: | Hasan, Sazid, Naseer, Shahrukh, Zamzam, Mazen, Mohilldean, Hashem, Van Wagoner, Colin, Hasan, Ahmad, Saleh, Ehab S., Uhley, Virginia, Kamel-ElSayed, Suzan |
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| Předmět: |
ANDROGEN drugs
THERAPEUTIC use of vitamin C THERAPEUTIC use of minerals DENTAL fluoride treatment THERAPEUTIC use of zinc THERAPEUTIC use of iodine THERAPEUTIC use of vitamin D VITAMIN therapy THERAPEUTIC use of magnesium THERAPEUTIC use of vitamin A ESTROGEN replacement therapy THERAPEUTIC use of amino acids BONES VASCULAR endothelial growth factors EPIPHYSIOLYSIS HORMONES PUBERTY FOOD consumption NUTRIENT density LEPTIN BLOUNT'S disease BONE growth PHOSPHATES BONE diseases NUTRITIONAL requirements MICRONUTRIENTS CELLULAR signal transduction THYROID hormones CALCIUM EPIPHYSIS NUTRITIONAL status FIBROBLAST growth factors CHILDHOOD obesity SOMATOMEDIN DIET therapy DIET in disease HUMAN growth hormone GLUCOCORTICOIDS OBESITY DISEASE risk factors DISEASE complications |
| Zdroj: | Children; Jul2024, Vol. 11 Issue 7, p817, 16p |
| Abstrakt: | Longitudinal bone growth is mediated through several mechanisms including macro- and micronutrients, and endocrine and paracrine hormones. These mechanisms can be affected by childhood obesity as excess adiposity may affect signaling pathways, place undue stress on the body, and affect normal physiology. This review describes the physiology of the epiphyseal growth plate, its regulation under healthy weight and obesity parameters, and bone pathology following obesity. A literature review was performed utilizing PubMed, PMC, NIH, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews pertinent to hormonal and nutritional effects on bone development, child obesity, and pathologic bone development related to weight. The review indicates a complex network of nutrients, hormones, and multi-system interactions mediates long bone growth. As growth of long bones occurs during childhood and the pubertal growth spurt, pediatric bones require adequate levels of minerals, vitamins, amino acids, and a base caloric supply for energy. Recommendations should focus on a nutrient-dense dietary approach rather than restrictive caloric diets to maintain optimal health. In conclusion, childhood obesity has profound multifaceted effects on the developing musculoskeletal system, ultimately causing poor nutritional status during development. Weight loss, under medical supervision, with proper nutritional guidelines, can help counteract the ill effects of childhood obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Databáze: | Complementary Index |
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