| Abstrakt: |
Heart failure (HF) is a significant factor in the global burden of cardiovascular health. Recent studies have revealed that patients with heart failure exhibit distinct alterations in their gut flora, which in turn impact immunological balance and metabolism. This systematic literature review aims to determine the influence of gut dysbiosis on heart failure. We employed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria to carry out our systematic review. We conducted a comprehensive search of the literature using databases such as PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC), and Medline. A total of ten papers were selected for the purpose of review. Heart failure shown notable disparities in the composition of the gut microbiota. The Ruminococcus gnavus, Escherichia Shigella, Streptococcus sp, Veillonella sp, and Actinobacteria are relatively more abundant, while Eubacterium, Prevotella, Faecalibacterium, SMB53, and Megamonas are more depleted. The composition differed based on age, stage of heart failure, and extent of decompensation. The composition remained unchanged in relation to the ejection fraction. There was an upregulation of genes involved in the metabolism of amino acids, carbohydrates, choline trimethylamine-lyase (TMAlyase), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) production, tryptophan, and lipid metabolism. The resulting alterations impacted the concentrations of metabolites, including trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), indoxyl sulfate (IS), and LPS, as well as inflammatory markers in both feces and plasma, hence contributing to the development of heart failure. These biomarkers associated with heart failure could be utilized as focal points for the prevention and treatment of heart failure. Individuals suffering from heart failure possess a distinct combination of gut bacteria that directly impact the development and progression of heart failure. Additional research is required to comprehend the causal connection between dysbiosis and heart failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
