| Abstrakt: |
A nanocomposite (TiO2/NiFe2O4@MWCNTs) was synthesized through hydrothermal methods, combining NiFe2O4, TiO2, and MWCNTs. The material underwent characterization using various analytical methods, including XRD analysis, SEM, TEM, EDS, UV-vis spectroscopy, PL analysis, FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, and BET analysis. The average size of a nanoparticle is 36 nm, as determined by transmission electron microscopy and the Scherrer formula. UV-visible examination reveals that the TiO2/NiFe2O4@MWCNTs nanocomposite has an energy band gap of 1.5 eV. The resultant nanocomposite has a specific surface area of 70.5 m2 g−1 and a pore volume of 0.29 cc g−1. These analyses demonstrated that the inclusion of MWCNTs effectively inhibited charge carrier recombination in both NiFe2O4 and TiO2 nanoparticles. The catalyst's efficiency was evaluated in a batch reactor under diverse conditions, including different nanocomposite dosages, CIP concentrations, and pH levels. The degradation of CIP was explored through photocatalytic experiments with varying nanocomposite dosages, revealing that a dosage of 0.5 g L−1 resulted in an 83.5% degradation efficiency (CIP: 40 mg L−1, pH = 6, 120 min, 120 W m−2). Different CIP concentrations were also tested, showing that a concentration of 10 mg L−1 achieved a degradation performance of 93.5% (catalyst: 0.5 g L−1, pH = 6, 120 min, 120 W m−2) and an efficiency of 97.2% at a pH of 10. The optimal conditions for CIP degradation were determined as 0.5 g L−1 of nanocatalyst, a CIP concentration of 10 mg L−1, and a pH of 10. These optimal parameters were then applied to assess CIP degradation using NiFe2O4 and NiFe2O4/MWCNTs as individual materials. Trapping analyses have established that H+ and OH˙, which are reactive radicals, are the main agents responsible for the breakdown of CIP. The highest agreement with the experimental data was obtained by applying a pseudo-first-order kinetic model, which had an R2 value of 0.97 for a range of CIP concentrations. Notably, even after four consecutive uses, the photocatalysts maintained their original efficiency, experiencing a minimal decrease of less than 3.2% in CIP degradation. Due to its straightforward synthesis, excellent stability, and potential for recycling, TiO2/NiFe2O4@MWCNTs demonstrated promising performance in degrading CIP antibiotics, suggesting its suitability for removing and breaking down pharmaceutical organic contaminants in water systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
