| Abstrakt: |
Wind gusts are common small‐scale weather phenomena characterized by a rapid increase in wind speed over a short period of time. Wind gusts affect a wide range of interests, including aviation safety, wind energy and professional skiing, while strong gusts can also cause severe weather events and limit visibility. However, the characteristics of gusts in the lower troposphere are not yet well understood, especially at the top of the boundary layer. In this paper, the gust parameters in the lower atmosphere at different heights and their diurnal variation characteristics are examined based on Doppler lidar data from the gentle coastal topography of Shandong Province, China. The results show that all the gust parameters have distinct stratification characteristics, with significantly different diurnal variations below 400 m, between 400 and 1,200 m, and above 1,200 m (above the ground, same below). Wind gusts are considered to be the result of turbulent disturbances superimposed on the background airflow, and strong turbulence could cause the instantaneous winds to significantly deviate from the mean airflow. The magnitude of the peak gust is mainly controlled by the mean flow, but the gust factor, which is the ratio of the peak gust to the mean flow, is almost independent of the mean flow and has a strong positive correlation with the turbulence intensity. These results imply that gusts of different properties occur at varying altitudes, with differences depending on turbulence intensity and mean airflow, and provide an observational basis for studies of gust structure. Plain Language Summary: Wind gusts are phenomena where sudden increases in wind speed occur over a short duration, and these gusts may threaten aviation safety and wind energy security. Near‐surface gusts have been noticed and studied widely; however, gusts occurring above hundreds of meters in altitude remain poorly understood. Based on Doppler lidar data from the coastal plain of Shandong, China, gusts occurring at different heights in the lower troposphere can be monitored continuously. The results indicate that wind gusts show obvious stratification characteristics, with significant diurnal variations at different levels. Gust magnitude is influenced by background wind and turbulence. Peak gusts are dominated mainly by the mean wind. However, when turbulence is strong, gusts may deviate significantly from the mean wind. The gust factor shows an obvious positive correlation with turbulence intensity. These results may enhance the understanding of wind gust characteristics in the lower troposphere and provide an observational basis for structural studies of gusts. Key Points: The gust parameters in the lower troposphere exhibit special vertical three‐layer stratification characteristics and diurnal variationThe gust amplitude and gust factor demonstrate different characteristics with height in the lower troposphereThe peak gust depends mainly on the background wind field, but its amplitude is significantly correlated with turbulence intensity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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