| Abstrakt: |
The prevalence of spatial distribution and the seasonal variation of malaria epidemics in India have been most significantly determined by the environmental variables including climate, landscape, and the man made factors. The risk factors are acting as decisive factors on the development of Anopheles genus mosquitoes. The landscape environments (slope, altitude, land use / land covers), human settlements proximity to permanent water bodies of mosquito breeding habitats (lake, pool, streams, rivers, tanks etc), agricultural wet rice cultivation land, land use dynamics, population density, urbanization, increase of man water resource projects. The coefficient model of climate determinants (rainfall and temperature) with the mosquito abundance are highly associated with the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) value derived from multispectral satellite data, and is useful in the assess the ground situation of Anopheline malaria vector mosquito larval abundance 7 days in advance in the wet irrigation rice fields using remotely sensed data. The result of logistic regression model provides the spatial agreement between the observed and predicted values of larval index within buffer zones 2.5 KM around the trap location in the wet cultivation rice fields much appropriate for Anopheline vector mosquito breeding. However, transmission of Plasmodium vivax requires a minimum average temperature 15.0°C and transmission by Plasmodium falciparum, requires a minimum average temperature of 19.0°C. The P.vivax vector requires 15 to 25 days to complete the parasite development cycle within the temperature range between 15°C to 20°C, the relative humidity for both species requires range between 55% to 80% and its life cycle may be completed within 6 to 10 days, if the temperature range remains within 25°C to 30°C. Multivariate analysis could be predicted accurately the relative abundance of malaria vectors breeding habitats suitability and epidemics. The malaria cases in the endemic districts and the relative abundance of the malaria vectors are directly controlled by the climate variables with >85 % accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
