| Abstrakt: |
The application of biotechnology methods can effectively support the production of new varieties and hybrids in crop plants. One of these techniques is in vitro androgenesis - anther culture and isolated microspore culture - which can reduce the length of a breeding process. We focus on the improvement of these methods to support cereal breeding programmes like wheat, spelt wheat and rice. Wheat anther culture is a well-established method in our laboratory which are applied for the production of DH lines in plant breeding programmes. Phenomenon of albinism was mitigated in anther culture, dominantly green plantlets were produced using our protocol. Thousands of DH lines was produced for breeding purposes. The most promising DH lines are under national test. Our protocol was tested using four spelt wheat genotypes ('Franckenkorn', 'GK Fehér', 'Mv Martongold', 'Oberkulmer Rotkorn'). The seeds of 'Franckenkorn', 'Mv. Martongold' and 'Oberkulmer Rotkorn' varieties (cultivated genotypes in Hungary) were supplied by Dr. László Láng (Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, Hungary). In anther culture, genotype dependency was observed, and cold pre-treatment enhanced the efficiency of the method. In isolated microspore culture of spelt wheat, the ovary co-culture supported the development of embryo-like structures. The low plant regeneration rate and high number of albinos hinder the practical application of isolated microspore culture while anther culture was efficient for in vitro green plantlets production in spelt wheat. The mean of green plantlets production was 41.45/100. The phenomenon of albinism was mitigated in anther culture (3.48 albinos/100 anthers). In the last four years, we tested the efficiency of anther culture in Hungarian rice breeding programme. The effect of different media (N6, MS) and growth regulators and their combinations (2,4-D, kinetin, BAP, NAA) were compared for the induction of androgenesis and plant regeneration. Hundreds of green plantlets were produced via anther culture which efficiency are close to the practical application of Hungarian rice breeding programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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