Evaluating the evening carbohydrate dilemma: the effect of within-the-day carbohydrate periodization on body composition and physical fitness.
| Autor: | Vlahoyiannis A; Department of Life Sciences, University of Nicosia, 46 Makedonitisas Avenue, CY 1700, Nicosia, Cyprus. vlahoyiannis.a@unic.ac.cy.; Research Centre for Exercise and Nutrition (RECEN), Nicosia, Cyprus. vlahoyiannis.a@unic.ac.cy., Andreou E; Department of Life Sciences, University of Nicosia, 46 Makedonitisas Avenue, CY 1700, Nicosia, Cyprus.; Research Centre for Exercise and Nutrition (RECEN), Nicosia, Cyprus., Aphamis G; Department of Life Sciences, University of Nicosia, 46 Makedonitisas Avenue, CY 1700, Nicosia, Cyprus.; Research Centre for Exercise and Nutrition (RECEN), Nicosia, Cyprus., Felekkis K; Department of Life Sciences, University of Nicosia, 46 Makedonitisas Avenue, CY 1700, Nicosia, Cyprus.; Research Centre for Exercise and Nutrition (RECEN), Nicosia, Cyprus., Pieri M; Department of Life Sciences, University of Nicosia, 46 Makedonitisas Avenue, CY 1700, Nicosia, Cyprus.; Research Centre for Exercise and Nutrition (RECEN), Nicosia, Cyprus., Sakkas GK; Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece., Giannaki CD; Department of Life Sciences, University of Nicosia, 46 Makedonitisas Avenue, CY 1700, Nicosia, Cyprus.; Research Centre for Exercise and Nutrition (RECEN), Nicosia, Cyprus. |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Zdroj: | European journal of nutrition [Eur J Nutr] 2024 Nov 25; Vol. 64 (1), pp. 23. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Nov 25. |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s00394-024-03540-6 |
| Abstrakt: | Purpose: To assess the effects of carbohydrate timing and type on body composition and physical fitness. Methods: Forty-two healthy, trained male volunteers underwent a four-week intervention, randomly divided into three groups: (i) Sleep Low-No Carbohydrates (SL-NCHO): consuming all carbohydrate intake at regular intervals prior to evening training, (ii) Sleep High-Low Glycemic Index (SH-LGI), and (iii) Sleep High-High Glycemic Index (SH-HGI). In both SH-LGI and SH-HGI, carbohydrates were distributed throughout the day, both pre-(60% of total intake) and post-evening training (40% of total intake). The SH-LGI and SH-HGI groups diverged in evening carbohydrate quality, featuring LGI and HGI foods, respectively. All participants performed a standardized exercise program combining resistance exercise and high-intensity interval training. Body composition was assessed using skinfold measurements and bioelectrical impendence analysis. Physical fitness was assessed by measuring VO Results: There was a significant time-effect on both body composition and physical fitness indices. Bodyfat percentage decreased by an average of 1.5% (p < 0.001), fat-mass by 1.4 kg (p < 0.001) and fat-free mass increased by 0.9 kg (p = 0.006). A time-effect was also observed in VO Conclusions: A balanced dietary plan with sufficient nutrient and energy intake promotes body composition optimization and physical fitness, independently of carbohydrate type or timing. This study points towards implementing flexible nutrition interventions, emphasizing the potential of tailored dietary strategies to optimize health and physical fitness. Trial Registration Number: The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05464342. Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Ethics approval: All procedures were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was approved by the National Bioethical Committee (ΕΕΒΚ/ΕΠ/2020/65) and registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05464342). Consent to participate: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. (© 2024. Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.) |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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