Global Disparities of Cancer and Its Projected Burden in 2050.

Autor:	Bizuayehu HM; Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, Australia., Ahmed KY; Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, Australia., Kibret GD; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia.; Centre for Health Systems and Safety Research, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Health, and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia., Dadi AF; Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.; Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Belachew SA; School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia., Bagade T; Center for Women's Health Research, College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia., Tegegne TK; Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia., Venchiarutti RL; Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.; Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, Australia., Kibret KT; Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia., Hailegebireal AH; School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University, Hosanna, Ethiopia., Assefa Y; School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia., Khan MN; Center for Women's Health Research, College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.; Department of Population Science, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.; Nossal Institute for Global Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia., Abajobir A; Sexual, Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health Unit, Health and Wellbeing Theme, African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya., Alene KA; School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.; Geospatial and Tuberculosis Research Team, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia., Mengesha Z; Health Research Institute, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia., Erku D; Health Economics and Financing Practice, Global Health Systems Innovation Group, Management Sciences for Health, Arlington, Virginia., Enquobahrie DA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle., Minas TZ; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.; Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.; Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Misgan E; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.; University of Rwanda, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kigali, Rwanda., Ross AG; Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, Australia.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	JAMA network open [JAMA Netw Open] 2024 Nov 04; Vol. 7 (11), pp. e2443198. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Nov 04.
DOI:	10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.43198
Abstrakt:	Importance: Cancer prevention and care efforts have been challenged by the COVID-19 pandemic and armed conflicts, resulting in a decline in the global Human Development Index (HDI), particularly in low- and middle-income countries. These challenges and subsequent shifts in health care priorities underscore the need to continuously monitor cancer outcome disparities and statistics globally to ensure delivery of equitable and optimal cancer prevention and care in uncertain times. Objective: To measure the global burden of 36 cancers in 2022 by sex, age, and geographic location and to project future trends by 2050. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study used population-based data from 2022 in 185 countries and territories were obtained from the Global Cancer Observatory database. Data extraction and analysis were carried out in April 2024. Main Outcomes and Measures: Counts, rates, prevalence, mortality to incidence ratios (MIRs), and demography-based projections were used to characterize current and future cancer burden. Results: This population-based study included 36 cancer types from 185 countries and territories. By 2050, 35.3 million cancer cases worldwide are expected, a 76.6% increase from the 2022 estimate of 20 million. Similarly, 18.5 million cancer deaths are projected by 2050, an 89.7% increase from the 2022 estimate of 9.7 million. Cancer cases and deaths are projected to nearly triple in low-HDI countries by 2050, compared to a moderate increase in very high-HDI countries (142.1% vs 41.7% for cancer cases and 146.1% vs 56.8% for cancer deaths). Males had a higher incidence and greater number of deaths in 2022 than females, with this disparity projected to widen by up to 16.0% in 2050. In 2022, the MIR for all cancers was 46.6%, with higher MIRs observed for pancreatic cancer (89.4%), among males (51.7%), among those aged 75 years or older (64.3%), in low-HDI countries (69.9%), and in the African region (67.2%). Conclusions and Relevance: In this cross-sectional study based on data from 2022, cancer disparities were evident across HDI, geographic regions, age, and sex, with further widening projected by 2050. These findings suggest that strengthening access to and quality of health care, including universal health insurance coverage, is key to providing evidence-based cancer prevention, diagnostics, and care.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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