Practical immunomodulatory landscape of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) therapy.

Autor: Norollahi SE; Cancer Research Center and, Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran., Yousefi B; Cancer Research Center and, Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran., Nejatifar F; Department of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Yousefzadeh-Chabok S; Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Trauma Institute, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.; Rasht, Iran., Rashidy-Pour A; Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran. Rashidy-pour@semums.ac.ir., Samadani AA; Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Trauma Institute, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. a.a.hormoz@gmail.com.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute [J Egypt Natl Canc Inst] 2024 Oct 28; Vol. 36 (1), pp. 33. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Oct 28.
DOI: 10.1186/s43046-024-00240-4
Abstrakt: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common harmful high-grade brain tumor with high mortality and low survival rate. Importantly, besides routine diagnostic and therapeutic methods, modern and useful practical techniques are urgently needed for this serious malignancy. Correspondingly, the translational medicine focusing on genetic and epigenetic profiles of glioblastoma, as well as the immune framework and brain microenvironment, based on these challenging findings, indicates that key clinical interventions include immunotherapy, such as immunoassay, oncolytic viral therapy, and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cell therapy, which are of great importance in both diagnosis and therapy. Relatively, vaccine therapy reflects the untapped confidence to enhance GBM outcomes. Ongoing advances in immunotherapy, which utilizes different methods to regenerate or modify the resistant body for cancer therapy, have revealed serious results with many different problems and difficulties for patients. Safe checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cellular treatment, cellular and peptide antibodies, and other innovations give researchers an endless cluster of instruments to plan profoundly in personalized medicine and the potential for combination techniques. In this way, antibodies that block immune checkpoints, particularly those that target the program death 1 (PD-1)/PD-1 (PD-L1) ligand pathway, have improved prognosis in a wide range of diseases. However, its use in combination with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or monotherapy is ineffective in treating GBM. The purpose of this review is to provide an up-to-date overview of the translational elements concentrating on the immunotherapeutic field of GBM alongside describing the molecular mechanism involved in GBM and related signaling pathways, presenting both historical perspectives and future directions underlying basic and clinical practice.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
Externí odkaz: