Insights into the associated risk factors of malnutrition among nursing home residents: A longitudinal study.

Autor: de Almeida Mello J; Department of Oral Health Sciences, Population Studies in Oral Health, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7 blok a - bus 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; LUCAS, Center for Care Research and Consultancy, KU Leuven, Minderbroederstraat 8, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: Johanna.mello@kuleuven.be., Schoebrechts E; Department of Oral Health Sciences, Population Studies in Oral Health, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7 blok a - bus 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium., Vandenbulcke PAI; Department of Oral Health Sciences, Population Studies in Oral Health, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7 blok a - bus 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium., Declercq A; LUCAS, Center for Care Research and Consultancy, KU Leuven, Minderbroederstraat 8, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; CeSO Center for Sociological Research, KU Leuven, Parkstraat 45 - box 3601, 3000 Leuven, Belgium., De Lepeleire J; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Academic Center for General Practice, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7 bus 7001 blok H, 3000 Leuven, Belgium., Matthys C; Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, ON1bis Herestraat 49 - box 7003, 3000 Leuven, Belgium., Declerck D; Department of Oral Health Sciences, Population Studies in Oral Health, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7 blok a - bus 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium., Duyck J; Department of Oral Health Sciences, Population Studies in Oral Health, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7 blok a - bus 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) [Clin Nutr] 2024 Nov; Vol. 43 (11), pp. 166-173. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Sep 14.
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.09.024
Abstrakt: Background & Aims: Malnutrition often remains undetected in older persons, leading to increased health problems and comorbidity, prolonged hospital stays and readmissions. In 2020, data from the interRAI Home Care (interRAI HC) instrument was used to determine malnutrition status according to some of the criteria of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM). The interRAI HC instrument showed to be effective as a screening tool for the risk of malnutrition. The goal of the present study is to use the interRAI Long Term Care Facilities (interRAI LTCF) instrument for nursing home residents to identify factors related to older people's health that are significantly associated with the development of malnutrition.
Methods: This study analyzes data collected in the period 2019-2023 from nursing home residents, 65 or older, with a follow-up period of 1 year. After applying the GLIM criteria to the available interRAI LTCF data, a cross-sectional sample a longitudinal sample were analyzed by means of bivariate analysis. Factors included in the bivariate analysis were based in previous studies and expert opinion. Unadjusted and adjusted regression models were built to explore associations between several potential risk factors and nutritional status.
Results: The sample consisted of 5598 older people with a mean age of 83.98 ± 7.30 years old and 71.2 % being female. Most people needed extensive assistance with activities of daily living (70.9%) and had at least a mild cognitive impairment (63.9%). According to the GLIM definition using the interRAI items, 8.43% of the residents were malnourished and 4.67% of the residents became malnourished over the period of 1 year. The final adjusted logistic regression yielded significant odds ratios for seven determinants: age (O.R. 1.03; C.I.: 1.01; 1.04), depressive symptoms (O.R.: 1.32; 1.01; 1.73), assistance needed for walking (O.R. 1.49; C.I.: 1.13; 1.95), wandering behavior (O.R. 1.16; C.I.: 1.01; 1.33), falls (O.R. 1.17; C.I.: 1.02; 1.35), visual impairment (O.R. 1.22; C.I.: 1.05; 1.42) and diabetes (protective factor - O.R.: 0.67; C.I.: 0.46; 0.98).
Conclusions: The study showed the main risk factor for malnourishment in nursing home residents, such as age, depressions, assistance for walking, wandering and visual impairment. These significant factors can be used to identify people at risk of malnourishment. Periodically screening residents with the interRAI LTCF can help identify malnourished residents or residents at risk of malnourishment.
Competing Interests: Conflict of interest The authors declare no conflict of interest.
(Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
Externí odkaz: