Sexual transmission of HTLV-1 resulting in uveitis with short-term latency and low proviral load.

Autor: Kamoi K; Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Graduate school of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.; Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Institute of Medical Science, Research Hospital, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan., Uchimaru K; Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Institute of Medical Science, Research Hospital, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.; Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan., Nannya Y; Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Institute of Medical Science, Research Hospital, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan., Tojo A; Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Institute of Medical Science, Research Hospital, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.; Data Science and Faculty Affairs, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan., Watanabe T; Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Institute of Medical Science, Research Hospital, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.; Department of Hematology & Oncology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan., Ohno-Matsui K; Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Graduate school of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of medical virology [J Med Virol] 2024 Oct; Vol. 96 (10), pp. e70000.
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.70000
Abstrakt: Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) is traditionally linked to severe conditions such as adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, HTLV-1-associated myelopathy, and HTLV-1 uveitis, with vertical transmission, particularly mother to child thorough breastfeeding, considered the primary route. Despite efforts to reduce vertical transmission through antenatal screening in Japan, horizontal transmission has contributed to the rising prevalence of HTLV-1 in metropolitan areas. This case reports the youngest documented instance of HTLV-1 uveitis resulting from horizontal transmission through sexual contact in an 18-year-old woman. The patient presented with blurred vision in her right eye, and a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination identified vitreous opacity and retinal vasculitis. Serological tests confirmed HTLV-1 infection, with a proviral load of 2.66 copies per 100 peripheral blood mononuclear cells, measured by real-time PCR. A differential diagnosis confirmed HTLV-1 uveitis. Further family and partner investigations confirmed horizontal transmission, most likely through sexual contact. Over 6 years of follow-up, the patient experienced multiple recurrences of HTLV-1 uveitis and developed HTLV-1-associated keratopathy. This case highlights the potential for rapid disease progression with relatively low proviral loads and short latency, emphasizing the need for updated public health strategies for sexually active young populations.
(© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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