| Autor: |
Abdallah SM; Center of Excellence for Toxicological Testing, Department of Mammalian and Aquatic Toxicology, Central Agricultural Pesticides Lab (CAPL), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt., Muhammed RE; Center of Excellence for Toxicological Testing, Department of Mammalian and Aquatic Toxicology, Central Agricultural Pesticides Lab (CAPL), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt., Mohamed RE; Center of Excellence for Toxicological Testing, Department of Mammalian and Aquatic Toxicology, Central Agricultural Pesticides Lab (CAPL), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt., Khalil WKB; Department of Cell Biology, National Research Centre, El-Bohouth, Cairo 12262, Egypt., Taha DA; Department of Cell Biology, National Research Centre, El-Bohouth, Cairo 12262, Egypt., Shalaby MB; Department of Toxicology Research, Research Institute of Medical Entomology (RIME), General Organization of Teaching Hospitals and Institutes (GOTHI), Ministry of Health and Population (MoHP), Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt., Elgohary I; Department of Pathology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt., Abdallah AA; Center of Excellence for Toxicological Testing, Department of Mammalian and Aquatic Toxicology, Central Agricultural Pesticides Lab (CAPL), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt., Habib HM; Research & Innovation Hub, Alamein International University, Alamein 51718, Egypt., El-Yazbi AF; Research & Innovation Hub, Alamein International University, Alamein 51718, Egypt.; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt. |
| Abstrakt: |
Climate change has led to increased and varying pest infestation patterns, triggering a rise in pesticide usage and exposure. The effects of oxamyl, a widely used nematicide in Egypt, encompasses typical signs of carbamate intoxication; nevertheless, long-term effects of oxamyl exposure, particularly on the nervous system, require further elucidation. This study systematically investigated the mechanism and manifestations of repeated subacute exposure to sublethal doses of oxamyl in male SD rats. Data showed a dose-dependent genotoxic effect, manifested as increased bone marrow micronuclei and decreased brain expression of key genes involved in neurogenesis and neuronal development. Coincidently, brain histopathology showed dose-dependent neurodegeneration in various regions, associated with a significant increase in GFAP immunoreactivity, indicative of neuroinflammation. Biochemical examination revealed a typical pattern of cholinesterase inhibition by carbamates in serum and brain tissue, as well as increased oxidative stress markers in the brain such as SOD activity reduction, alongside an increase in NO and MDA. The ability of Ginseng at a 100 mg/Kg dose to ameliorate the effects of oxamyl exposure was investigated. Ginseng use, either as a protective or therapeutic regimen, attenuated the observed genotoxic, neuroinflammatory, and biochemical alterations. Our results indicate that repeated exposure to oxamyl triggers an integrative neurotoxic response, driven by genotoxicity, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, that could trigger an increase in neurological and cognitive disorders. These findings emphasize the urgent need for confirmatory translational studies in human subjects to assess these changes and inform policy decisions regarding safe levels of usage and appropriate agricultural and public health practices. |
