Rapid green analytical methodology for simultaneous monitoring of nitrosamines and semi-volatile organic compounds in water and human urine samples.

Autor: Hu ST; Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan., Shashikumar U; Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan., Gurrani S; Department of Applied Science and Humanities, Invertis University, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India., Tseng YT; Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan., Prakasham K; Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan.; PhD Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan., Huang CT; Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan., Krishnan A; Department of Computational Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India., Wang CE; Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan.; Research and Development Division, Great Engineering Technology (GETECH) Corporation, No.392, Yucheng Rd., Zuoying District, Kaohsiung City, 813, Taiwan., Huang PC; Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan.; PhD Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan.; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan Township, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan.; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital (CMUH), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan., Ponnusamy VK; Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan. kumar@kmu.edu.tw.; Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan. kumar@kmu.edu.tw.; PhD Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan. kumar@kmu.edu.tw.; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital (CMUH), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan. kumar@kmu.edu.tw.; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (KMUH), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan. kumar@kmu.edu.tw.; Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University (NSYSU), Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. kumar@kmu.edu.tw.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Environmental geochemistry and health [Environ Geochem Health] 2024 Sep 24; Vol. 46 (11), pp. 433. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Sep 24.
DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02207-9
Abstrakt: Nitrosamines and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) are carcinogenic contaminants in water and biological matrices. Conventional analytical methods often struggle to detect trace concentrations due to poor extraction efficacies. This study presents a novel, low-cost, in-syringe-assisted fast extraction cum cleanup technique coupled with GC-FID for monitoring four nitrosamines and two SVOCs in drinking water and human urine samples to measure the contamination and exposure levels. This extraction protocol combines a novel green in-syringe liquid-liquid extraction step using dimethyl carbonate as the green extraction solvent, coupled with a semi-automated solid-phase extraction cleanup process. Then, the final extractant is analyzed using gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) for monitoring. The method demonstrated excellent linearity (R 2  > 0.998) between 1.5 and 500 ng mL⁻ 1 for all six target compounds. Detection limits ranged from 1.0 to 2.0 ng mL⁻ 1 . Extraction recoveries were between 87 and 105% for both urine samples and water samples. Intra-day and inter-day precision were below 9% RSD. The blue applicability grade index evaluation scored 70.0, indicating good practical applicability. The developed analytical protocol offers a sensitive, accurate, low-cost, rapid, and environmentally friendly method for simultaneously quantifying multiple nitrosamines and SVOCs in environmental and human samples. Its performance characteristics and sustainability metrics suggest the potential for broad application in monitoring and exposure studies.
(© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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