Sudden death due to enterotoxemia among Arabian camels ( Camelus dromedaries ) and associated risk factors.

Autor: Mubarak AG; Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt., Khalifa FA; Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt., Elsobky Y; Department of Hygiene and Zoonosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Menofia, Sadat City, Egypt., Abdel-Rady A; Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.; Consultant of Infectious Diseases in Animal Health Laboratory, WEQAA-Center, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia., Felefel W; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt., Saad AH; Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt., Abdelhiee EY; Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt., Alhassan AM; Director of Laboratories in Eastern Region, WEQAA-Center, National Center for the Prevention and Control of Plants Pests and Animal Diseases, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia., Awny H; High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt., Elghazaly EM; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt., Abu-Seida AM; Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt., Abdulkarim A; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Omar Almukhtar University, Bayda, Libya., Youseef AG; Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Open veterinary journal [Open Vet J] 2024 Aug; Vol. 14 (8), pp. 1942-1951. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Aug 31.
DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i8.23
Abstrakt: Background: Sudden death is defined as an unexpected death occurring with no observed antecedent clinical signs.
Aim: The current study was performed to notice the tangible causes of sudden death among 51 out of 340 she-camels on a private farm in the eastern region of El Khafgi, Saudi Arabia.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study design was conducted to investigate the sudden death of camels through microscopic examination of fecal matter to identify the gastrointestinal parasites, analysis of whole blood thin films to diagnose blood parasites, blood culturing to recognize bacterial infection as Pasteurella multicida , and macroscopic postmortem examination to identify the gastrointestinal adult worm. The quantity and composition of feed were also analyzed. Afterward, a commercial multiscreen Ag-ELISA kit technique determined the toxins of Clostridium perfringens ( C. perfringens ).
Results: The results revealed that the incidence rate of sudden death was 15%. The sudden death occurred due to C. perfringens enterotoxins detected in the rumen, intestinal content, and intestinal wall. The enterotoxins and Alpha toxins were noticed, but the other toxin types, including Beta and Epsilon, could not be detected. All C. perfringens toxins were discovered to be negative in fecal matter. A significant association was reported between sudden death, she-camels age, and feeding habits as risk factors ( p = 0.020 and 0.028, respectively). Risk factor assessment by relative risk (RR) revealed that the odds of RR of sudden death occurring among she-camels aged over two years were higher than those less than two years (2.24 CI 95%, 1.093-4.591). Furthermore, the odds RR of sudden death occurring due to exposure of she-camels to a concentrated ration of 18% were higher twice than those not exposed (2.346 CI 95%, 1.039-5.296).
Conclusion: Clostridium perfringens enterotoxaemia should be listed as a cause of sudden death in camels and the alteration in diet with 18% concentration feed changes the intestinal environment, which leads to C. perfringens proliferating and yielding potent toxins. More observations and interferences like regular immunization are recommended to reduce the disease and increase the awareness of the farmers of the importance of risk factors.
Competing Interests: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this manuscript.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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