Effectiveness of whey protein supplementation on muscle strength and physical performance of older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Autor: Al-Rawhani AH; Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: alaa.alrawhani95@gmail.com., Adznam SN; Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Dietetics, Hospital Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: asyura@upm.edu.my., Abu Zaid Z; Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Dietetics, Hospital Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: zalina@upm.edu.my., Md Yusop NB; Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Dietetics, Hospital Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: norbaizura@upm.edu.my., M Sallehuddin H; Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing, (MyAgeing) Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: drhakimah@upm.edu.my., Alshawsh MA; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia. Electronic address: alshaweshmam@um.edu.my.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) [Clin Nutr] 2024 Oct; Vol. 43 (10), pp. 2412-2426. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Sep 05.
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.08.033
Abstrakt: Background: The efficacy of whey protein supplement (WPS) in improving muscle strength, physical performance, and body composition in older adults has been widely promoted. However, the results of randomized clinical trials in this regard have been inconsistent. We aimed to determine the impact of WPS, compared to a placebo, during or without training on muscle strength, physical function, and body composition in older adults.
Methods: Randomized controlled trials were thoroughly searched using PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library Database, and Scopus databases up to June 2024. The analysis focused on key parameters such as handgrip strength (HS), leg press, knee extension, gait speed (GS), 6-min walking test (6MWT), Timed-up and go test (TUG), lean body mass (LBM), fat mass (FM), and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM). A pooled effect size was calculated using a random-effects model based on standardized mean differences (SMD).
Results: Thirty studies involving 2105 participants aged 60 and older met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis of 26 RCTs showed no significant positive effect of WPS on HS (n = 11, SMD: 0.18; 95% CI: -0.13, 0.49; I 2  = 69%), 6MWT (n = 5, SMD: -0.08; 95%CI: -0.31, 0.16; I 2  = 0%), GS test (n = 4, SMD: -0.08; 95%CI: -0.43, 0.28; I 2  = 36%), TUG test (n = 9, SMD: 0.0, 95% CI -0.15, 0.14; I 2  = 0%), LBM (n = 11, SMD: 0.02; 95%CI: -0.13, 0.17; I 2  = 0%), FM (n = 15, SMD: -0.04; 95%CI: -0.18, 0.10; I 2  = 0%). However, ASM significantly improved after WPS consumption but with high heterogeneity (n = 2, SMD: 0.39; 95%CI: 0.28, 0.51; I 2  = 69%). In interventions incorporating RE, statistically significant positive effects of WPS on lower body strength were observed (n = 11, SMD: 0.25; 95%CI: 0.05, 0.45; I 2  = 0%).
Conclusion: The present meta-analysis indicates that WPS, when combined with resistance training (RT), can enhance lower body strength but does not seem to have a significant beneficial effect on handgrip strength, physical performance, or body composition. Further large-scale studies are necessary to confirm these findings and elucidate the potential benefits of WPS in this population.
Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest The authors report no declarations of competing interest.
(Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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