Monkeypox: A Comprehensive Review of Virology, Epidemiology, Transmission, Diagnosis, Prevention, Treatment, and Artificial Intelligence Applications.

Autor:	Rahmani E; School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Bayat Z; ERIS Research Institute, Tehran, Iran., Farrokhi M; Student Research Committee, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Karimian S; ERIS Research Institute, Tehran, Iran., Zahedpasha R; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, 5th Azar Hospital, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran., Sabzehie H; Kocaeli Health and Technology University, Kocaeli, Turkey., Ramezani Poor S; ERIS Research Institute, Tehran, Iran., Jafari Khouzani P; Graduated, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran., Aminpour S; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland., Karami M; Student, Nanjing Medical University, International School (SIE), Nanjing, China., Afsharjahanshahi O; Atilim University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey., Sharifi M; City Dental College and Hospital, Dhaka University, Dhaka, Bangladesh., Dalvandi B; ERIS Research Institute, Tehran, Iran., Dalvandi R; ERIS Research Institute, Tehran, Iran., Esfahani A; ERIS Research Institute, Tehran, Iran., Alaei M; ERIS Research Institute, Tehran, Iran., Mirbolouk M; School of Pharmacy, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, North Cyprus ., Moradi F; ERIS Research Institute, Tehran, Iran., Nozari A; ERIS Research Institute, Tehran, Iran., Mirabedini SMS; ERIS Research Institute, Tehran, Iran., Janmohamadi M; ERIS Research Institute, Tehran, Iran., Moghimi S; Department of Physiology, Tulane School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans 70112, Louisiana, U.S.A., Nikfarjam F; ERIS Research Institute, Tehran, Iran., Jalayer Sarnaghy F; ERIS Research Institute, Tehran, Iran., Mirbolook A; ERIS Research Institute, Tehran, Iran., Pirouzan M; ERIS Research Institute, Tehran, Iran., Mohammadi Virsoudi M; ERIS Research Institute, Tehran, Iran., Moghadam Fard A; ERIS Research Institute, Tehran, Iran., Nikandishnobar M; Faculty of Medicine, Atilim University, Ankara, Turkey., Boustani Hezarani H; Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan., Fadavighafari M; ERIS Research Institute, Tehran, Iran., Farrokhi M; ERIS Research Institute, Tehran, Iran.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Archives of academic emergency medicine [Arch Acad Emerg Med] 2024 Sep 17; Vol. 12 (1), pp. e70. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Sep 17 (Print Publication: 2024).
DOI:	10.22037/aaem.v12i1.2491
Abstrakt:	Monkeypox (Mpox), an uncommon zoonotic Orthopoxvirus, is commonly manifested by blisters on the skin and has a mortality rate of approximately 0-10%. Approximately two decades after the cessation of global smallpox vaccination, the number of confirmed cases of Mpox has been growing, making it the most common Orthopoxvirus infection. Therefore, in this narrative review, we aimed to shed light on recent advancements in the pathophysiology, transmission routes, epidemiology, manifestations, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of Mpox, as well as the application of artificial intelligence (AI) methods for predicting this disease. The clinical manifestations of Mpox, including the onset of symptoms and dermatologic characteristics, are similar to those of the infamous smallpox, but Mpox is clinically milder. Notably, a key difference between smallpox and Mpox is the high prevalence of lymphadenopathy. Human-to-human, animal-to-human, and animal-to-animal transmission are the three main pathways of Mpox spread that must be considered for effective prevention, particularly during outbreaks. PCR testing, as the preferred method for diagnosing Mpox infection, can enhance early detection of new cases and thereby improve infection control measures. JYNNEOS and ACAM2000 are among the vaccines most commonly recommended for the prevention of Mpox. Brincidofovir, Cidofovir, and Tecovirimat are the primary treatments for Mpox cases. Similar to other viral infections, the best approach to managing Mpox is prevention. This can, in part, be achieved through measures such as reducing contact with individuals displaying symptoms, maintaining personal safety, and adhering to practices commonly used to prevent sexually transmitted infections. Competing Interests: None.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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