Repeated COVID-19 mRNA vaccination results in IgG4 class switching and decreased NK cell activation by S1-specific antibodies in older adults.

Autor: Gelderloos AT; Center for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (IIV), Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands., Verheul MK; Center for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (IIV), Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands., Middelhof I; Center for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (IIV), Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands., de Zeeuw-Brouwer ML; Center for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (IIV), Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands., van Binnendijk RS; Center for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (IIV), Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands., Buisman AM; Center for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (IIV), Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands., van Kasteren PB; Center for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (IIV), Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands. puck.van.kasteren@rivm.nl.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Immunity & ageing : I & A [Immun Ageing] 2024 Sep 14; Vol. 21 (1), pp. 63. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Sep 14.
DOI: 10.1186/s12979-024-00466-9
Abstrakt: Background: Previous research has shown that repeated COVID-19 mRNA vaccination leads to a marked increase of SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific serum antibodies of the IgG4 subclass, indicating far-reaching immunoglobulin class switching after booster immunization. Considering that repeated vaccination has been recommended especially for older adults, the aim of this study was to investigate IgG subclass responses in the ageing population and assess their relation with Fc-mediated antibody effector functionality.
Results: Spike S1-specific IgG subclass concentrations (expressed in arbitrary units per mL), antibody-dependent NK cell activation, complement deposition and monocyte phagocytosis were quantified in serum from older adults (n = 38-50, 65-83 years) at one month post-second, -third and -fifth vaccination. Subclass distribution in serum was compared to that in younger adults (n = 64, 18-47 years) at one month post-second and -third vaccination. Compared to younger individuals, older adults showed increased levels of IgG2 and IgG4 at one month post-third vaccination (possibly related to factors other than age) and a further increase following a fifth dose. The capacity of specific serum antibodies to mediate NK cell activation and complement deposition relative to S1-specific total IgG concentrations decreased upon repeated vaccination. This decrease associated with an increased IgG4/IgG1 ratio.
Conclusions: In conclusion, these findings show that, like younger individuals, older adults produce antibodies with reduced functional capacity upon repeated COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. Additional research is needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying these responses and their potential implications for vaccine effectiveness. Such knowledge is vital for the future design of optimal vaccination strategies in the ageing population.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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