Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids as a Protective Factor for Myopia.

Autor: Xue CC; From the Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre (C.C.X., M.Y., Z.D.S., C.C., S.M.S., Y.-C.T., C.-Y.C.), Singapore., Li H; Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (H.L., Y.-C.T., C.-Y.C.), Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (H.L., Z.D.S., S.M.S., Y.-C.T., C.-Y.C.), Singapore., Dong XX; School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University (X.-X.D., C.-W.P.), Suzhou, China., Yu M; From the Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre (C.C.X., M.Y., Z.D.S., C.C., S.M.S., Y.-C.T., C.-Y.C.), Singapore., Soh ZD; From the Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre (C.C.X., M.Y., Z.D.S., C.C., S.M.S., Y.-C.T., C.-Y.C.), Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (H.L., Z.D.S., S.M.S., Y.-C.T., C.-Y.C.), Singapore., Chong CCY; From the Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre (C.C.X., M.Y., Z.D.S., C.C., S.M.S., Y.-C.T., C.-Y.C.), Singapore., Jiang C; Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California (C.J., H.C.), Pleasanton, CA, USA., Choquet H; Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California (C.J., H.C.), Pleasanton, CA, USA., Zebardast N; Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School (N.Z., S.M.Z.), Boston, MA, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad institute of MiT and Harvard (N.Z., S.M.Z.), Cambridge, MA, USA., Zekavat SM; Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School (N.Z., S.M.Z.), Boston, MA, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad institute of MiT and Harvard (N.Z., S.M.Z.), Cambridge, MA, USA; Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General hospital, Harvard Medical School (S.M.Z.), Boston, MA, USA., Hysi PG; King's College London, Section of Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences (P.G.H.), London, United Kingdom; King's College London, Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology (P.G.H.), London, United Kingdom; University College London, GOSH Institute of Child Health (P.G.H.), London, United Kingdom., Saw SM; From the Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre (C.C.X., M.Y., Z.D.S., C.C., S.M.S., Y.-C.T., C.-Y.C.), Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (H.L., Z.D.S., S.M.S., Y.-C.T., C.-Y.C.), Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore (S.M.S.), Singapore., Fan Q; Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School (Q.F.), Singapore., Tham YC; From the Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre (C.C.X., M.Y., Z.D.S., C.C., S.M.S., Y.-C.T., C.-Y.C.), Singapore; Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (H.L., Y.-C.T., C.-Y.C.), Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (H.L., Z.D.S., S.M.S., Y.-C.T., C.-Y.C.), Singapore; Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School (Y.-C.T., C.-Y.C.), Singapore., Pan CW; School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University (X.-X.D., C.-W.P.), Suzhou, China., Cheng CY; From the Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre (C.C.X., M.Y., Z.D.S., C.C., S.M.S., Y.-C.T., C.-Y.C.), Singapore; Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (H.L., Y.-C.T., C.-Y.C.), Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (H.L., Z.D.S., S.M.S., Y.-C.T., C.-Y.C.), Singapore; Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School (Y.-C.T., C.-Y.C.), Singapore. Electronic address: chingyu.cheng@nus.edu.sg.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: American journal of ophthalmology [Am J Ophthalmol] 2024 Sep 05; Vol. 268, pp. 368-377. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Sep 05.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2024.08.041
Abstrakt: Purpose: Animal models suggest omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may protect against myopia by modulating choroidal blood perfusion, but clinical evidence is scarce and mixed. We aimed to determine the causality between omega-3 PUFAs and myopia using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
Design: Two-sample MR analysis.
Methods: Exposures are genetically predicted plasma levels of 18 fatty acid (FA)-related traits. Spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and axial length were used as measurements of myopia. Genome-wide association study summary data on plasma levels of 18 FA-related traits (n=115,006), refractive spherical equivalent (n=351,091), axial length (n=69,945), and choroidal thickness (n=44,823) were sourced from the UK Biobank, the Genetic Epidemiology Research on Adult Health and Aging cohort, and the Consortium for Refractive Error and Myopia Study. We used 5 MR models and considered results statistically significant if the Bonferroni-corrected P value was ≤2.78 ×10 -3 in at least 3 MR models. The β represents the change in outcomes (SER in diopters; axial length in millimeters; and choroidal thickness in SD) per SD unit increase in FA levels.
Results: At a Bonferroni-corrected significance, higher levels of omega-3 (β, 0.32-0.34), omega-3-total FA ratio (β, 0.31-0.44), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (β, 0.36-0.46), DHA-total FA ratio (β, 0.37-0.53), PUFA-total FA ratio (β, 0.07-1.003), and degree of unsaturation (β, 0.28-0.44) were associated with a more positive SER, suggesting a lower risk of myopia. Similar trends were observed for axial length albeit with borderline significance (P ≤ .035 in ≥2 models). Higher levels of omega-3, DHA, DHA-total FA ratio, PUFA-total FA ratio, PUFA-monounsaturated FA ratio, and degree of unsaturation were nominally associated with thicker choroidal thickness (β, 0.05-0.13; P ≤ .045 in ≥2 models).
Conclusion: Our multiple MR models suggest a protective effect of omega-3 and DHA on myopia, potentially through modulation of choroidal blood perfusion. Further randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm the effectiveness and determine the optimal dose and duration.
(Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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