Safety protocols, precautions, and countermeasures aboard the International Space Station (ISS) to prevent ocular injury.

Autor: Suh A; Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States. Electronic address: asuh@tulane.edu., Ditelberg S; Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, United States., Szeto JJ; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States., Kumar D; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States., Ong J; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States., Robert Gibson C; KBR, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, United States., Mader TH; NASA Ophthalmology Consultant, Moab, Utah, United States., Waisberg E; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom., Lee AG; Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States; The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States; Texas A&M College of Medicine, Texas, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Survey of ophthalmology [Surv Ophthalmol] 2024 Sep 03. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Sep 03.
DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.08.005
Abstrakt: The International Space Station (ISS) is a $100 billion epicenter of human activity in the vacuum of space, displaying mankind's collective endeavor to explore the cosmic frontier. Even within the marvels of technological sophistication aboard the ISS, the human eye remains a highly vulnerable structure. In the absence of multiple layers of protection and risk assessments, crewmembers would face a substantial increase in vulnerability to ocular injury. Aside from stringent preflight screening criteria for astronauts, the ISS is equipped with ophthalmic medications, environmental control and life support systems (e.g., humidity regulation, carbon dioxide removal, pressurized device regulators), and radiation protection to reduce ocular injury. Moreover, additional countermeasures are currently being developed to mitigate the effects of spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) and lunar dust toxicity for the Artemis Program missions. The success of future endeavors hinges not only on continued technological innovation, but also respecting the intricate interplay between human physiology and the extraterrestrial environments. Establishing habitations on the Moon and Mars, as well as NASA's Gateway Program (humanity's first space station around the Moon), will introduce a new set of challenges, underscoring the necessity for continuous insights into ocular health in space. We discuss the safety protocols, precautions, and countermeasures implemented on the ISS to prevent ocular injury - an aspect often overshadowed by the grandeur of space exploration.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest none
(Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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