Long-term effects of widespread pharmaceutical pollution on trade-offs between behavioural, life-history and reproductive traits in fish.

Autor: Aich U; School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia., Polverino G; School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.; Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy., Yazdan Parast F; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia., Melo GC; School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia., Tan H; School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia., Howells J; School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia., Nosrati R; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia., Wong BBM; School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: The Journal of animal ecology [J Anim Ecol] 2024 Aug 26. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Aug 26.
DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14152
Abstrakt: In our rapidly changing world, understanding how species respond to shifting conditions is of paramount importance. Pharmaceutical pollutants are widespread in aquatic ecosystems globally, yet their impacts on animal behaviour, life-history and reproductive allocation remain poorly understood, especially in the context of intraspecific variation in ecologically important traits that facilitate species' adaptive capacities. We test whether a widespread pharmaceutical pollutant, fluoxetine (Prozac), disrupts the trade-off between individual-level (co)variation in behavioural, life-history and reproductive traits of freshwater fish. We exposed the progeny of wild-caught guppies (Poecilia reticulata) to three field-relevant levels of fluoxetine (mean measured concentrations: 0, 31.5 and 316 ng/L) for 5 years, across multiple generations. We used 12 independent laboratory populations and repeatedly quantified activity and risk-taking behaviour of male guppies, capturing both mean behaviours and variation within and between individuals across exposure treatments. We also measured key life-history traits (body condition, coloration and gonopodium size) and assessed post-copulatory sperm traits (sperm vitality, number and velocity) that are known to be under strong sexual selection in polyandrous species. Intraspecific (co)variation of these traits was analysed using a comprehensive, multivariate statistical approach. Fluoxetine had a dose-specific (mean) effect on the life-history and sperm trait of guppies: low pollutant exposure altered male body condition and increased gonopodium size, but reduced sperm velocity. At the individual level, fluoxetine reduced the behavioural plasticity of guppies by eroding their within-individual variation in both activity and risk-taking behaviour. Fluoxetine also altered between-individual correlations in pace-of-life syndrome traits: it triggered the emergence of correlations between behavioural and life-history traits (e.g. activity and body condition) and between life-history and sperm traits (e.g. gonopodium size and sperm vitality), but collapsed other between-individual correlations (e.g. activity and gonopodium size). Our results reveal that chronic exposure to global pollutants can affect phenotypic traits at both population and individual levels, and even alter individual-level correlations among such traits in a dose-specific manner. We discuss the need to integrate individual-level analyses and test behaviour in association with life-history and reproductive traits to fully understand how animals respond to human-induced environmental change.
(© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Animal Ecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Ecological Society.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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