Comparing the performance of microbial electrochemical assisted and aerated treatment wetlands in pilot-scale: Removal of major pollutants and organic micropollutants.

Autor: Koukoura A; Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, Mytilene 81100, Greece., Seintos T; School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou St., Zographou Campus, 15780 Athens. Greece., Statiris E; School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou St., Zographou Campus, 15780 Athens. Greece., Barka E; School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou St., Zographou Campus, 15780 Athens. Greece., Gatidou G; Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, Mytilene 81100, Greece., Noutsopoulos C; School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou St., Zographou Campus, 15780 Athens. Greece., Malamis S; School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou St., Zographou Campus, 15780 Athens. Greece., Mamais D; School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou St., Zographou Campus, 15780 Athens. Greece., Masi F; IRIDRA Srl, via La Marmora 51, Florence 50121, Italy., Rizzo A; IRIDRA Srl, via La Marmora 51, Florence 50121, Italy., Fountoulakis MS; Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, Mytilene 81100, Greece., Stasinakis AS; Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, Mytilene 81100, Greece. Electronic address: astas@env.aegean.gr.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: The Science of the total environment [Sci Total Environ] 2024 Nov 15; Vol. 951, pp. 175550. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Aug 14.
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175550
Abstrakt: The combination of treatment wetlands (TWs) with microbial electrochemical technologies (MET) is often studied in the lab to improve the performance and decrease the footprint of TWs. In this article we evaluated the long-term performance of four pilot-scale vertical sub-surface flow TWs for major pollutants' and organic micropollutants' removal from domestic wastewater. Three of them were filled with electroconductive material and operated under saturated (MET SAT), unsaturated (MET UNSAT) and unsaturated-saturated (MET HYBRID) conditions while the fourth one was a saturated intensified aerated system (AEW) filled with gravel. The MET-TWs achieved significant removals of COD (>78 %) with no clogging issues at the maximum applied OLR (249 g COD m -3 d -1 ) while under these loading conditions TSS removal exceeded 84 %. Among all electroactive TWs, UNSAT could remove 25 g NH 4 -N m -3 d -1 through nitrification when peak ammonium loading rate was applied; however this removal was significantly lower than AEW (35 g NH 4 -N m -3 d -1 ). No important removal of P was observed in all systems with the exception of MET-SAT were precipitation reactions of P with iron occurred when anaerobic pretreated wastewater was used. The removal of the sum of studied organic micropollutants ranged between 70 ± 18 % (MET UNSAT) to 91 ± 4 % (AEW) and improved with feeding pulses increase. Moderate to high removal of specific microcontaminants was observed depending on the target compound, the studied system and the operational conditions. AEW and MET HYBRID systems complied with the limits set by EU for wastewater discharge to non-sensitive water bodies and for Class B water reuse. Scale-up calculations for a settlement of 500 PE showed that these systems require much less area per PE (0.51 m 2 PE -1 ) comparing to conventional TWs while the operational cost was calculated to 0.07 € m -3 for the AEW and 0.02 € m -3 for the MET HYBRID.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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