Diverse Relationships between Batrachochytrium Infections and Antimicrobial Peptide Defenses Across Leopard Frog Populations.

Autor:	Le Sage EH; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA., Reinert LK; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA., Ohmer MEB; Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA., LaBumbard BC; Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125, USA., Altman KA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA., Brannelly LA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.; Faculty of Science, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia., Latella I; Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA., McDonnell NB; Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125, USA., Saenz V; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA., Walsman JC; Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA., Wilber MQ; School of Natural Resources, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA., Woodhams DC; Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125, USA., Voyles J; Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA., Richards-Zawacki CL; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA., Rollins-Smith LA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.; Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Integrative and comparative biology [Integr Comp Biol] 2024 Sep 27; Vol. 64 (3), pp. 921-931.
DOI:	10.1093/icb/icae130
Abstrakt:	Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play a fundamental role in the innate defense against microbial pathogens, as well as other immune and non-immune functions. Their role in amphibian skin defense against the pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is exemplified by experiments in which depletion of host's stored AMPs increases mortality from infection. Yet, the question remains whether there are generalizable patterns of negative or positive correlations between stored AMP defenses and the probability of infection or infection intensity across populations and species. This study aims to expand on prior field studies of AMP quantities and compositions by correlating stored defenses with an estimated risk of Bd exposure (prevalence and mean infection intensity in each survey) in five locations across the United States and a total of three species. In all locations, known AMPs correlated with the ability of recovered secretions to inhibit Bd in vitro. We found that stored AMP defenses were generally unrelated to Bd infection except in one location where the relative intensity of known AMPs was lower in secretions from infected frogs. In all other locations, known AMP relative intensities were higher in infected frogs. Stored peptide quantity was either positively or negatively correlated with Bd exposure risk. Thus, future experiments coupled with organismal modeling can elucidate whether Bd infection affects secretion/synthesis and will provide insight into how to interpret amphibian ecoimmunology studies of AMPs. We also demonstrate that future AMP isolating and sequencing studies can focus efforts by correlating mass spectrometry peaks to inhibitory capacity using linear decomposition modeling. (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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